2023
Conference article
Open Access
Evaluating the impact of anchors deployment for an AoA-based indoor localization system
Mavilia F., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., Girolami M.
Indoor localization techniques are rapidly moving toward the combination of multiple source of information. Among these, RSS, Time of Flight (ToF), Angle of Arrival (AoA) and of Departure (AoD) represent effective solutions for indoor environments. In this work, we propose an on-going activity investigating the performance of an indoor localization system based on the AoA-Bluetooth 5.1 specification, namely Direction Finding. We evaluate the effect of two anchor deployments and we test our localization algorithm by varying the orientation of the target according to four postures: North, West, South and East. From our study, we observe that anchor nodes deployed on the ceiling provide the best performance in terms of localization error. We conclude this work with a discussion of two further lines of investigation potentially increasing the performance of AoA-based indoor localization systems.Source: WONS 2023 - 18th Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services Conference, pp. 20–23, Madonna di Campiglio, Italy, 30/01/2023-01/02/2023
DOI: 10.23919/wons57325.2023.10061949
Metrics:
Mavilia F., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., Girolami M.
Indoor localization techniques are rapidly moving toward the combination of multiple source of information. Among these, RSS, Time of Flight (ToF), Angle of Arrival (AoA) and of Departure (AoD) represent effective solutions for indoor environments. In this work, we propose an on-going activity investigating the performance of an indoor localization system based on the AoA-Bluetooth 5.1 specification, namely Direction Finding. We evaluate the effect of two anchor deployments and we test our localization algorithm by varying the orientation of the target according to four postures: North, West, South and East. From our study, we observe that anchor nodes deployed on the ceiling provide the best performance in terms of localization error. We conclude this work with a discussion of two further lines of investigation potentially increasing the performance of AoA-based indoor localization systems.Source: WONS 2023 - 18th Wireless On-Demand Network Systems and Services Conference, pp. 20–23, Madonna di Campiglio, Italy, 30/01/2023-01/02/2023
DOI: 10.23919/wons57325.2023.10061949
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository 
| ieeexplore.ieee.org 
| CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
A Bluetooth 5.1 dataset based on angle of arrival and RSS for indoor localization
Girolami M., Furfari F., Barsocchi P., Mavilia F.
Several Radio-Frequency technologies have been explored to evaluate the efficacy of localization algorithms in indoor environments, including Received Signal Strength (RSS), Time of Flight (ToF), and Angle of Arrival (AoA). Among these, AoA technique has been gaining interest when adopted with the Bluetooth protocol. In this work, we describe a data collection measurement campaign of AoA and RSS values collected from Bluetooth 5.1 compliant tags and a set of anchor nodes deployed in the environment. We detail the adopted methodology to collect the dataset and we report all the technical details to reproduce the data collection process. The resulting dataset and the adopted software is publicly available to the community. To collect the dataset, we deploy four anchor nodes and four Bluetooth tags and we reproduce some representative scenarios for indoor localization: calibration, static, mobility, and proximity. Each scenario is annotated with an accurate ground truth (GT). We also assess the quality of the collected data. Specifically, we compute the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between the AoA estimated by the anchors and the corresponding GT. Additionally, we investigate the packet loss metric which measures the percentage of Bluetooth beacons lost by the anchors.Source: IEEE access 11 (2023): 81763–81776. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3301126
DOI: 10.1109/access.2023.3301126
Metrics:
Girolami M., Furfari F., Barsocchi P., Mavilia F.
Several Radio-Frequency technologies have been explored to evaluate the efficacy of localization algorithms in indoor environments, including Received Signal Strength (RSS), Time of Flight (ToF), and Angle of Arrival (AoA). Among these, AoA technique has been gaining interest when adopted with the Bluetooth protocol. In this work, we describe a data collection measurement campaign of AoA and RSS values collected from Bluetooth 5.1 compliant tags and a set of anchor nodes deployed in the environment. We detail the adopted methodology to collect the dataset and we report all the technical details to reproduce the data collection process. The resulting dataset and the adopted software is publicly available to the community. To collect the dataset, we deploy four anchor nodes and four Bluetooth tags and we reproduce some representative scenarios for indoor localization: calibration, static, mobility, and proximity. Each scenario is annotated with an accurate ground truth (GT). We also assess the quality of the collected data. Specifically, we compute the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between the AoA estimated by the anchors and the corresponding GT. Additionally, we investigate the packet loss metric which measures the percentage of Bluetooth beacons lost by the anchors.Source: IEEE access 11 (2023): 81763–81776. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3301126
DOI: 10.1109/access.2023.3301126
Metrics:
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ieeexplore.ieee.org | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Modelling the localization error of an AoA-based localization system
Furfari F., Barsocchi P., Girolami M., Mavilia F.
Indoor localization provides important context information to develop Intelligent Environments able to understand user situations, to react and adapt to changes in the surrounding environment. Bluetooth 5.1 Direction Finding (DF) is a recent specification based on angle of departure (AoD) and arrival (AoA) of radio signals and it is addressed to localize objects or people in indoor scenarios. In this work, we study the error propagation of an indoor localization system based on AoA technique and on multiple anchor receivers.Source: IE 2023 - 19th International Conference on Intelligent Environments, Island of Mauritius, 29-30/06/2023
DOI: 10.1109/ie57519.2023.10179094
Metrics:
Furfari F., Barsocchi P., Girolami M., Mavilia F.
Indoor localization provides important context information to develop Intelligent Environments able to understand user situations, to react and adapt to changes in the surrounding environment. Bluetooth 5.1 Direction Finding (DF) is a recent specification based on angle of departure (AoD) and arrival (AoA) of radio signals and it is addressed to localize objects or people in indoor scenarios. In this work, we study the error propagation of an indoor localization system based on AoA technique and on multiple anchor receivers.Source: IE 2023 - 19th International Conference on Intelligent Environments, Island of Mauritius, 29-30/06/2023
DOI: 10.1109/ie57519.2023.10179094
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
On the analysis of body orientation for indoor positioning with BLE 5.1 direction finding
Mavilia F., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., La Rosa D., Girolami M.
The last decade showed a clear technological trend toward the adoption of heterogeneous source of information, combined with data-fusion strategies to increase the performance of indoor localization systems. In this respect, the adoption of short-range network protocols such as WiFi and Bluetooth represent a common approach. We investigate, in this work, the use of Bluetooth 5.1 Direction Finding specification to test an indoor localization system solely based on the estimated Angle of Arrival (AoA) between an anchor and a receiver. We first detail our experimental data collection campaign and the adopted hardware. Then, we study not only the accuracy of the estimated angles on two reference planes but also the localization error introduced with the proposed algorithm by varying the body orientation of the target user, namely North, South, West, Est. Experimental results in a real-world indoor environment show an average localization error of 2.08m with only 1 anchor node and 5° of AoA' error for all 28 monitored locations. We also identify regions in which the AoA estimation rapidly decreases, giving rise to the possibility of identifying the boundaries of the adopted technology.Source: ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 204–209, Roma, Italy, 28/05-01/06/2023
DOI: 10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279029
Metrics:
Mavilia F., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., La Rosa D., Girolami M.
The last decade showed a clear technological trend toward the adoption of heterogeneous source of information, combined with data-fusion strategies to increase the performance of indoor localization systems. In this respect, the adoption of short-range network protocols such as WiFi and Bluetooth represent a common approach. We investigate, in this work, the use of Bluetooth 5.1 Direction Finding specification to test an indoor localization system solely based on the estimated Angle of Arrival (AoA) between an anchor and a receiver. We first detail our experimental data collection campaign and the adopted hardware. Then, we study not only the accuracy of the estimated angles on two reference planes but also the localization error introduced with the proposed algorithm by varying the body orientation of the target user, namely North, South, West, Est. Experimental results in a real-world indoor environment show an average localization error of 2.08m with only 1 anchor node and 5° of AoA' error for all 28 monitored locations. We also identify regions in which the AoA estimation rapidly decreases, giving rise to the possibility of identifying the boundaries of the adopted technology.Source: ICC 2023 - IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 204–209, Roma, Italy, 28/05-01/06/2023
DOI: 10.1109/icc45041.2023.10279029
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Conference article
Open Access
Radio-frequency handoff strategies to seamlessly integrate indoor localization systems
Furfari F., Girolami M., Barsocchi P.
The widespread use of Location Based Services (LBS) drives the pervasive adoption of localization systems available anywhere. Environments equipped with multiple indoor localization systems (ILSs), require managing the transition from one ILS to another in order to continue localizing the user's device even when moving indoors or outdoor-to-indoor environments. In this paper, we focus on the handoff procedure, whose goal is enabling a device to trigger the transition between ILSs when specific conditions are verified. We describe the activation of handoff procedures by considering three types of ILS design and deployment, each with increasing complexity. Moreover, this work defines three handoff algorithms based on the proximity detection, and we test them in a realistic environment characterized by two contiguous ILSs.Source: IPIN 2023 - 13th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation, Nuremberg, Germany, 25-28/09/2023
DOI: 10.1109/ipin57070.2023.10332479
Metrics:
Furfari F., Girolami M., Barsocchi P.
The widespread use of Location Based Services (LBS) drives the pervasive adoption of localization systems available anywhere. Environments equipped with multiple indoor localization systems (ILSs), require managing the transition from one ILS to another in order to continue localizing the user's device even when moving indoors or outdoor-to-indoor environments. In this paper, we focus on the handoff procedure, whose goal is enabling a device to trigger the transition between ILSs when specific conditions are verified. We describe the activation of handoff procedures by considering three types of ILS design and deployment, each with increasing complexity. Moreover, this work defines three handoff algorithms based on the proximity detection, and we test them in a realistic environment characterized by two contiguous ILSs.Source: IPIN 2023 - 13th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation, Nuremberg, Germany, 25-28/09/2023
DOI: 10.1109/ipin57070.2023.10332479
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2023
Journal article
Open Access
An experimental evaluation based on direction finding specification for indoor localization and proximity detection
Girolami M., Mavilia F., Furfari F., Barsocchi P.
Radio-frequency technologies have been largely explored to deliver reliable indoor localization systems. However, at the current stage, none of the proposed technologies represent a de-facto standard. Although RSS-based (Received Signal Strength) techniques have been extensively studied, they suffer of a number of side-effects mainly caused by the complexity of radio propagation in indoor environments. A possible solution is designing systems exploiting multiple techniques, so that to compensate weaknesses of a specific source of information. Under this respect, Bluetooth represents an interesting technology, combining multiple techniques for indoor localization. In particular, the BT5.1 direction finding specification includes the possibility of estimating the angle between an emitting device and an antenna array. The Angle of Arrival (AoA) provides interesting features for the localization purpose, as it allows estimating the direction from which a signal is propagated. In this work, we detail our experimental setting based on a BT5.1-compliant kit to quantitatively measure the performance in three scenarios: static positioning, mobility and proximity detection. Scenarios provide a robust benchmark allowing us to identify and discuss features of AoA values also in comparison with respect to traditional RSS-based approaches.Source: IEEE journal of indoor and seamless positioning and navigation 2 (2023): 36–50. doi:10.1109/JISPIN.2023.3345268
DOI: 10.1109/jispin.2023.3345268
Metrics:
Girolami M., Mavilia F., Furfari F., Barsocchi P.
Radio-frequency technologies have been largely explored to deliver reliable indoor localization systems. However, at the current stage, none of the proposed technologies represent a de-facto standard. Although RSS-based (Received Signal Strength) techniques have been extensively studied, they suffer of a number of side-effects mainly caused by the complexity of radio propagation in indoor environments. A possible solution is designing systems exploiting multiple techniques, so that to compensate weaknesses of a specific source of information. Under this respect, Bluetooth represents an interesting technology, combining multiple techniques for indoor localization. In particular, the BT5.1 direction finding specification includes the possibility of estimating the angle between an emitting device and an antenna array. The Angle of Arrival (AoA) provides interesting features for the localization purpose, as it allows estimating the direction from which a signal is propagated. In this work, we detail our experimental setting based on a BT5.1-compliant kit to quantitatively measure the performance in three scenarios: static positioning, mobility and proximity detection. Scenarios provide a robust benchmark allowing us to identify and discuss features of AoA values also in comparison with respect to traditional RSS-based approaches.Source: IEEE journal of indoor and seamless positioning and navigation 2 (2023): 36–50. doi:10.1109/JISPIN.2023.3345268
DOI: 10.1109/jispin.2023.3345268
Metrics:
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ieeexplore.ieee.org | ISTI Repository | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2022
Conference article
Open Access
Evaluation of angle of arrival in indoor environments with bluetooth 5.1 direction finding
Girolami M., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., La Rosa D., Mavilia F.
The Bluetooth 5.1. Direction Finding (DF) specification opens to the possibility of estimating the angle between an emitting and a receiving device. Such angle is generally measured estimating the Angle of Arrival (AoA) or the Angle of Departure (AoD). In particular, knowledge about AoA between a set of anchor nodes and a moving target could be used to localize the target, with greater accuracy with respect to traditional approaches based on the Received Signal Strength of the received messages. In this work, we rigorously evaluate the performance of a commercial kit implementing the DF specification, with the purpose of understanding how the AoA measure varies with respect to the angles' ground truth. We describe two real-world experimental scenarios and we compute the errors between the estimated and actual angles. We also discuss three key aspects for the purpose of adopting BT 5.1 in indoor localization applications.Source: WiMob 2022 - 18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, pp. 284–289, Thessaloniki, Greece, 10-12/10/2022
DOI: 10.1109/wimob55322.2022.9941619
Metrics:
Girolami M., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., La Rosa D., Mavilia F.
The Bluetooth 5.1. Direction Finding (DF) specification opens to the possibility of estimating the angle between an emitting and a receiving device. Such angle is generally measured estimating the Angle of Arrival (AoA) or the Angle of Departure (AoD). In particular, knowledge about AoA between a set of anchor nodes and a moving target could be used to localize the target, with greater accuracy with respect to traditional approaches based on the Received Signal Strength of the received messages. In this work, we rigorously evaluate the performance of a commercial kit implementing the DF specification, with the purpose of understanding how the AoA measure varies with respect to the angles' ground truth. We describe two real-world experimental scenarios and we compute the errors between the estimated and actual angles. We also discuss three key aspects for the purpose of adopting BT 5.1 in indoor localization applications.Source: WiMob 2022 - 18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, pp. 284–289, Thessaloniki, Greece, 10-12/10/2022
DOI: 10.1109/wimob55322.2022.9941619
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2022
Conference article
Open Access
Best practices for model calibration in smartphone-based indoor positioning systems
Furfari F., Crivello A., Baronti P., Girolami M., Barsocchi P.
User location and tracking information are increasingly used for contact tracing and social community detection. In-door positioning and indoor navigation systems are reaching good performances in several realistic scenarios. After an evaluation exclusively done through simulations, nowadays, these systems are trying to reach robust performances and good accuracy in heterogeneous environments. Problems are manifold as each environment presents a structure that strongly affects inertial sensors and radio signal propagation. Generally, systems showing the best performances rely on an extended knowledge of the indoor map. Moreover, they implement a model for pedestrian dynamics in terms of e.g step length, stride and the behaviour of the target users. Experimental results obtained during realistic indoor competitions, clearly show that performances drop when such systems are used in unseen scenarios in which an external user test the proposed solution. In fact, many parameters that are generally calibrated and set to maximize the performances might not work as expected. In this paper, we highlight which best practices should be applied for model calibration in smartphone-based indoor positioning systems. We describe a reference system based on a particle filter, and we show the most relevant parameters and the main factors that are generally in common with all similar systems in the literature. We also present the Run-Once tool for reaching optimal parameters, highlighting those best practices that should be applied to indoor positioning systems to maximize their performances and improve their robustness.Source: WiMob 2022 - 18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, pp. 443–448, Thessaloniki, Greece, 10-12/10/2022
DOI: 10.1109/wimob55322.2022.9941681
Metrics:
Furfari F., Crivello A., Baronti P., Girolami M., Barsocchi P.
User location and tracking information are increasingly used for contact tracing and social community detection. In-door positioning and indoor navigation systems are reaching good performances in several realistic scenarios. After an evaluation exclusively done through simulations, nowadays, these systems are trying to reach robust performances and good accuracy in heterogeneous environments. Problems are manifold as each environment presents a structure that strongly affects inertial sensors and radio signal propagation. Generally, systems showing the best performances rely on an extended knowledge of the indoor map. Moreover, they implement a model for pedestrian dynamics in terms of e.g step length, stride and the behaviour of the target users. Experimental results obtained during realistic indoor competitions, clearly show that performances drop when such systems are used in unseen scenarios in which an external user test the proposed solution. In fact, many parameters that are generally calibrated and set to maximize the performances might not work as expected. In this paper, we highlight which best practices should be applied for model calibration in smartphone-based indoor positioning systems. We describe a reference system based on a particle filter, and we show the most relevant parameters and the main factors that are generally in common with all similar systems in the literature. We also present the Run-Once tool for reaching optimal parameters, highlighting those best practices that should be applied to indoor positioning systems to maximize their performances and improve their robustness.Source: WiMob 2022 - 18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, pp. 443–448, Thessaloniki, Greece, 10-12/10/2022
DOI: 10.1109/wimob55322.2022.9941681
Metrics:
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ISTI Repository | ieeexplore.ieee.org | CNR ExploRA
2022
Report
Unknown
ChAALenge - D6.1: Analisi delle peculiarità di salute della popolazione anziana e definizione requisiti tecnici
Miori V., Belli D., Bacco M F., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Palumbo F., Pillitteri L., Potortì F., Russo D.
In questo documento viene posta particolare attenzione alla malattia dello scompenso cardiaco che è una delle maggiori cause di mortalità e disabilità nella popolazione anziana oltre ad essere la prima causa di ricovero. Sono analizzate le soluzioni di monitoraggio domestico attualmente disponibili e i requisiti tecnici da soddisfare per poter raccogliere e analizzare i dati fisiologici nell'ambiente di vita e riconoscere situazioni di insorgenza o peggioramento di patologie nell'anziano.Source: ISTI Project Report, ChAALenge, D6.1, 2022
Miori V., Belli D., Bacco M F., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Palumbo F., Pillitteri L., Potortì F., Russo D.
In questo documento viene posta particolare attenzione alla malattia dello scompenso cardiaco che è una delle maggiori cause di mortalità e disabilità nella popolazione anziana oltre ad essere la prima causa di ricovero. Sono analizzate le soluzioni di monitoraggio domestico attualmente disponibili e i requisiti tecnici da soddisfare per poter raccogliere e analizzare i dati fisiologici nell'ambiente di vita e riconoscere situazioni di insorgenza o peggioramento di patologie nell'anziano.Source: ISTI Project Report, ChAALenge, D6.1, 2022
See at: CNR ExploRA
2022
Report
Unknown
ChAALenge D5.2 - Documento di definizione degli algoritmi di Machine Learning e Deep Learning
Miori V., Belli D., Bacco F. M., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Palumbo F., Pillitteri L., Potortì F., Russo D.
Il deliverable ha come obiettivo la definizione di un percorso intraprendibile per lo sviluppo di un modello predittivo, efficace ed efficiente, basato sul paradigma machine learning, sviluppato in funzione del dominio applicativo in esame e dei dati a disposizione. Una parte verrà dedicata all'introduzione degli aspetti principali legati alle strategie di individuazione di anomalie in serie temporali multi-variate tramite il suddetto modello predittivo.Source: ISTI Project Report, ChAALenge, D5.2, 2022
Miori V., Belli D., Bacco F. M., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Palumbo F., Pillitteri L., Potortì F., Russo D.
Il deliverable ha come obiettivo la definizione di un percorso intraprendibile per lo sviluppo di un modello predittivo, efficace ed efficiente, basato sul paradigma machine learning, sviluppato in funzione del dominio applicativo in esame e dei dati a disposizione. Una parte verrà dedicata all'introduzione degli aspetti principali legati alle strategie di individuazione di anomalie in serie temporali multi-variate tramite il suddetto modello predittivo.Source: ISTI Project Report, ChAALenge, D5.2, 2022
See at: CNR ExploRA
2022
Report
Unknown
ChAALenge - D6.2: Progettazione architettura e definizione delle modalità di integrazione delle macrofunzionalità nel framework (intermedio)
Bacco F. M., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Miori V., Palumbo F., Pillitteri L., Potortì F., Russo D., Belli D.
Questo documento riporta l'analisi relativa alla progettazione del framework di integrazione delle funzionalità, come previsto dal progetto ChAALenge. In particolare, vengono in questa sede analizzate le tecnologie per lo sviluppo del middleware di comunicazione e le modalità di interfacciamento con le soluzioni sensoristiche individuate.Source: ISTI Project Report, ChAALenge, D6.2, 2022
Bacco F. M., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., La Rosa D., Mavilia F., Miori V., Palumbo F., Pillitteri L., Potortì F., Russo D., Belli D.
Questo documento riporta l'analisi relativa alla progettazione del framework di integrazione delle funzionalità, come previsto dal progetto ChAALenge. In particolare, vengono in questa sede analizzate le tecnologie per lo sviluppo del middleware di comunicazione e le modalità di interfacciamento con le soluzioni sensoristiche individuate.Source: ISTI Project Report, ChAALenge, D6.2, 2022
See at: CNR ExploRA
2021
Journal article
Open Access
Discovering location based services: a unified approach for heterogeneous indoor localization systems
Furfari F., Crivello A., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Girolami M., Palumbo F., Quezada-Gaibor D., Mendoza Silva G. M., Torres-Sospedra J.
The technological solutions and communication capabilities offered by the Internet of Things paradigm, in terms of raising availability of wearable devices, the ubiquitous internet connection, and the presence on the market of service-oriented solutions, have allowed a wide proposal of Location Based Services (LBS). In a close future, we foresee that companies and service providers will have developed reliable solutions to address indoor positioning, as basis for useful location based services. These solutions will be different from each other and they will adopt different hardware and processing techniques. This paper describes the proposal of a unified approach for Indoor Localization Systems that enables the cooperation between heterogeneous solutions and their functional modules. To this end, we designed an integrated architecture that, abstracting its main components, allows a seamless interaction among them. Finally, we present a working prototype of such architecture, which is based on the popular Telegram application for Android, as an integration demonstrator. The integration of the three main phases -namely the discovery phase, the User Agent self-configuration, and the indoor map retrieval/rendering- demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed integrated architecture.Source: Internet of Things 13 (2021): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2020.100334
DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2020.100334
Project(s): A-WEAR
Metrics:
Furfari F., Crivello A., Baronti P., Barsocchi P., Girolami M., Palumbo F., Quezada-Gaibor D., Mendoza Silva G. M., Torres-Sospedra J.
The technological solutions and communication capabilities offered by the Internet of Things paradigm, in terms of raising availability of wearable devices, the ubiquitous internet connection, and the presence on the market of service-oriented solutions, have allowed a wide proposal of Location Based Services (LBS). In a close future, we foresee that companies and service providers will have developed reliable solutions to address indoor positioning, as basis for useful location based services. These solutions will be different from each other and they will adopt different hardware and processing techniques. This paper describes the proposal of a unified approach for Indoor Localization Systems that enables the cooperation between heterogeneous solutions and their functional modules. To this end, we designed an integrated architecture that, abstracting its main components, allows a seamless interaction among them. Finally, we present a working prototype of such architecture, which is based on the popular Telegram application for Android, as an integration demonstrator. The integration of the three main phases -namely the discovery phase, the User Agent self-configuration, and the indoor map retrieval/rendering- demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed integrated architecture.Source: Internet of Things 13 (2021): 1–14. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2020.100334
DOI: 10.1016/j.iot.2020.100334
Project(s): A-WEAR
Metrics:
See at:
Internet of Things | Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA | ISTI Repository | www.sciencedirect.com | ZENODO | CNR ExploRA
2021
Journal article
Open Access
COVID-19 & privacy: Enhancing of indoor localization architectures towards effective social distancing
Barsocchi P., Calabrò A., Crivello A., Daoudagh S., Furfari F., Girolami M., Marchetti E.
The way people access services in indoor environments has dramatically changed in the last year. The countermeasures to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed a disruptive requirement, namely preserving social distance among people in indoor environments. We explore in this work the possibility of adopting the indoor localization technologies to measure the distance among users in indoor environments. We discuss how information about people's contacts collected can be exploited during three stages: before, during, and after people access a service. We present a reference architecture for an Indoor Localization System (ILS), and we illustrate three representative use-cases. We derive some architectural requirements, and we discuss some issues that concretely cope with the real installation of an ILS in real-world settings. In particular, we explore the privacy and trust reputation of an ILS, the discovery phase, and the deployment of the ILS in real-world settings. We finally present an evaluation framework for assessing the performance of the architecture proposed.Source: Array 9 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.array.2020.100051
DOI: 10.1016/j.array.2020.100051
Project(s): CyberSec4Europe
Metrics:
Barsocchi P., Calabrò A., Crivello A., Daoudagh S., Furfari F., Girolami M., Marchetti E.
The way people access services in indoor environments has dramatically changed in the last year. The countermeasures to the COVID-19 pandemic imposed a disruptive requirement, namely preserving social distance among people in indoor environments. We explore in this work the possibility of adopting the indoor localization technologies to measure the distance among users in indoor environments. We discuss how information about people's contacts collected can be exploited during three stages: before, during, and after people access a service. We present a reference architecture for an Indoor Localization System (ILS), and we illustrate three representative use-cases. We derive some architectural requirements, and we discuss some issues that concretely cope with the real installation of an ILS in real-world settings. In particular, we explore the privacy and trust reputation of an ILS, the discovery phase, and the deployment of the ILS in real-world settings. We finally present an evaluation framework for assessing the performance of the architecture proposed.Source: Array 9 (2021). doi:10.1016/j.array.2020.100051
DOI: 10.1016/j.array.2020.100051
Project(s): CyberSec4Europe
Metrics:
See at:
Array | ISTI Repository | Array | www.sciencedirect.com | CNR ExploRA
2021
Journal article
Open Access
A multi-domain ontology on healthy ageing for the characterization of older adults status and behaviour
Mastropietro A., Palumbo F., Orte S., Girolami M., Furfari F., Baronti P., Candea C., Roecke C., Tarro L., Sykora M., Porcelli S., Rizzo G.
Ageing is a multi-factorial physiological process and the development of novel IoT systems, tools and devices, specifically targeted to older people, must be based on a holistic framework built on robust scientific knowledge in different health domains. Furthermore, interoperability must be guaranteed using standardized frameworks or approaches. These aspects still largely lack in the specific literature. The main aim of the paper is to develop a new ontology (the NESTORE ontology) to extend the available ontologies provided by universAAL-IoT (uAAL-IoT). The ontology is based on a multidomain healthy ageing holistic model, structuring well-assessed scientific knowledge, specifically targeted to healthy older adults aged between 65 and 75. The tool is intended to support, and standardize heterogeneous data about ageing in compliance with the uAAL-IoT framework. The NESTORE ontology covers all the relevant concepts to represent 3 significant domains of ageing: (1) Physiological Status and Physical Activity Behaviour; (2) Nutrition; and (3) Cognitive and Mental Status and Social Behaviour. In total, 12 sub-ontologies were modelled with more than 60 classes and sub-classes referenced among them by using more than 100 relations and around 20 enumerations. The proposed ontology increases the uAAL collection by 40%. NESTORE ontology provides innovation both in terms of semantic content and technological approach. The thorough use of this ontology can support the development of a decision support system, to promote healthy ageing, with the capacity to do dynamic multi-scale modelling of user-specific data based on the semantic annotations of users' profile.Source: Journal of ambient intelligence & humanized computing (Print) (2021). doi:10.1007/s12652-021-03627-6
DOI: 10.1007/s12652-021-03627-6
Project(s): NESTORE
Metrics:
Mastropietro A., Palumbo F., Orte S., Girolami M., Furfari F., Baronti P., Candea C., Roecke C., Tarro L., Sykora M., Porcelli S., Rizzo G.
Ageing is a multi-factorial physiological process and the development of novel IoT systems, tools and devices, specifically targeted to older people, must be based on a holistic framework built on robust scientific knowledge in different health domains. Furthermore, interoperability must be guaranteed using standardized frameworks or approaches. These aspects still largely lack in the specific literature. The main aim of the paper is to develop a new ontology (the NESTORE ontology) to extend the available ontologies provided by universAAL-IoT (uAAL-IoT). The ontology is based on a multidomain healthy ageing holistic model, structuring well-assessed scientific knowledge, specifically targeted to healthy older adults aged between 65 and 75. The tool is intended to support, and standardize heterogeneous data about ageing in compliance with the uAAL-IoT framework. The NESTORE ontology covers all the relevant concepts to represent 3 significant domains of ageing: (1) Physiological Status and Physical Activity Behaviour; (2) Nutrition; and (3) Cognitive and Mental Status and Social Behaviour. In total, 12 sub-ontologies were modelled with more than 60 classes and sub-classes referenced among them by using more than 100 relations and around 20 enumerations. The proposed ontology increases the uAAL collection by 40%. NESTORE ontology provides innovation both in terms of semantic content and technological approach. The thorough use of this ontology can support the development of a decision support system, to promote healthy ageing, with the capacity to do dynamic multi-scale modelling of user-specific data based on the semantic annotations of users' profile.Source: Journal of ambient intelligence & humanized computing (Print) (2021). doi:10.1007/s12652-021-03627-6
DOI: 10.1007/s12652-021-03627-6
Project(s): NESTORE
Metrics:
See at:
link.springer.com | ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2020
Journal article
Open Access
Design guidelines for an interactive 3D model as a supporting tool for exploring a cultural site by visually impaired and sighted people
Leporini B., Rossetti V., Furfari F., Pelagatti S., Quarta A.
Being able to explore and familiarise themselves with the structure and details of a cultural site before actually visiting it is fundamental for orienting visually impaired people during the visit; otherwise, it is particularly difficult to gain a global understanding of the structure and an overall impression of a square, a church, or a large monument. Our project addressed this problem by using low cost 3D models combined with audio descriptions to enable visually impaired users to explore the cultural site autonomously. Audio descriptions are organised into three groups (for historical, practical, and architectural information), and for each group, several tracks are recorded giving increasing levels of details. Users can easily navigate through the audio tracks to follow their tactile exploration by listening to the information they are most interested in. Relevant details are reproduced separately and linked to the main model via the audio tracks. A goal of our model is to enhance the understanding of the cultural site also for partially sighted as well as sighted people, making them able to appreciate the details of the architectural design using both visual and auditory senses. We exploited low-cost and partially open-source technologies, thus rendering our system easily replicable. We evaluated the interactive system with blind, partially sighted, and sighted users. Our user test confirmed the validity of our approach: (1) the 3D models and the tactile reproduction of details obtained via a low-cost 3D printing solution are well perceived by touch; (2) the semantic auditory information activated via perceptible buttons on demand and the different content levels for the audio tracks are suitable for an interactive, autonomous, and satisfying exploration; and (3) relevant details are well perceived. Finally, we propose guidelines to use in the 3D reproduction of buildings or large sites based on our experience.Source: ACM transactions on accessible computing 13 (2020). doi:10.1145/3399679
DOI: 10.1145/3399679
Metrics:
Leporini B., Rossetti V., Furfari F., Pelagatti S., Quarta A.
Being able to explore and familiarise themselves with the structure and details of a cultural site before actually visiting it is fundamental for orienting visually impaired people during the visit; otherwise, it is particularly difficult to gain a global understanding of the structure and an overall impression of a square, a church, or a large monument. Our project addressed this problem by using low cost 3D models combined with audio descriptions to enable visually impaired users to explore the cultural site autonomously. Audio descriptions are organised into three groups (for historical, practical, and architectural information), and for each group, several tracks are recorded giving increasing levels of details. Users can easily navigate through the audio tracks to follow their tactile exploration by listening to the information they are most interested in. Relevant details are reproduced separately and linked to the main model via the audio tracks. A goal of our model is to enhance the understanding of the cultural site also for partially sighted as well as sighted people, making them able to appreciate the details of the architectural design using both visual and auditory senses. We exploited low-cost and partially open-source technologies, thus rendering our system easily replicable. We evaluated the interactive system with blind, partially sighted, and sighted users. Our user test confirmed the validity of our approach: (1) the 3D models and the tactile reproduction of details obtained via a low-cost 3D printing solution are well perceived by touch; (2) the semantic auditory information activated via perceptible buttons on demand and the different content levels for the audio tracks are suitable for an interactive, autonomous, and satisfying exploration; and (3) relevant details are well perceived. Finally, we propose guidelines to use in the 3D reproduction of buildings or large sites based on our experience.Source: ACM transactions on accessible computing 13 (2020). doi:10.1145/3399679
DOI: 10.1145/3399679
Metrics:
See at:
ISTI Repository | dl.acm.org | ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing | CNR ExploRA
2020
Conference article
Restricted
A privacy-by-design architecture for indoor localization systems
Barsocchi P., Calabro A., Crivello A., Daoudagh S., Furfari F., Girolami M., Marchetti E.
The availability of mobile devices has led to an arising development of indoor location services collecting a large amount of sensitive information. However, without accurate and verified management, such information could become severe back-doors for security and privacy issues. We propose in this paper a novel Location-Based Service (LBS) architecture in line with the GDPR's provisions. For feasibility purposes and considering a representative use-case, a reference implementation, based on the popular Telegram app, is also presented.Source: 13th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology (QUATIC 2020), pp. 358–366, Faro, Portugal, September 9-11, 2020
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58793-2_29
Project(s): CyberSec4Europe
Metrics:
Barsocchi P., Calabro A., Crivello A., Daoudagh S., Furfari F., Girolami M., Marchetti E.
The availability of mobile devices has led to an arising development of indoor location services collecting a large amount of sensitive information. However, without accurate and verified management, such information could become severe back-doors for security and privacy issues. We propose in this paper a novel Location-Based Service (LBS) architecture in line with the GDPR's provisions. For feasibility purposes and considering a representative use-case, a reference implementation, based on the popular Telegram app, is also presented.Source: 13th International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology (QUATIC 2020), pp. 358–366, Faro, Portugal, September 9-11, 2020
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58793-2_29
Project(s): CyberSec4Europe
Metrics:
See at:
Communications in Computer and Information Science | link-springer-com-443.webvpn.fjmu.edu.cn | CNR ExploRA
2020
Journal article
Open Access
"Hi This Is NESTORE, Your Personal Assistant": Design of an Integrated IoT System for a Personalized Coach for Healthy Aging
Palumbo F., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., Mastropietro A., Manferdelli G., Röcke C., Guye S., Salvá Casanovas A., Caon M., Carrino F., Khaled O. A., Mugellini E., Denna E., Mauri M., Ward D., Subías-Beltrán P., Orte S., Candea C., Candea G., Rizzo G.
In the context of the fourth revolution in healthcare technologies, leveraging monitoring and personalization across different domains becomes a key factor for providing useful services to maintain and promote well-being. This is even more crucial for older people, with aging being a complex multi-dimensional and multi-factorial process which can lead to frailty. The NESTORE project was recently funded by the EU Commission with the aim of supporting healthy older people to sustain their well-being and capacity to live independently. It is based on a multi-dimensional model of the healthy aging process that covers physical activity, nutrition, cognition, and social activity. NESTORE is based on the paradigm of the human-in-the-loop cyber-physical system that, exploiting the availability of Internet of Things technologies combined with analytics in the cloud, provides a virtual coaching system to support healthy aging. This work describes the design of the NESTORE methodology and its IoT architecture. We first model the end-user under several domains, then we present the NESTORE system that, analyzing relevant key-markers, provides coaching activities and personalized feedback to the user. Finally, we describe the validation strategy to assess the effectiveness of NESTORE as a coaching platform for healthy aging.Source: Frontiers in digital health (2020). doi:10.3389/fdgth.2020.545949
DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.545949
Project(s): NESTORE
Metrics:
Palumbo F., Crivello A., Furfari F., Girolami M., Mastropietro A., Manferdelli G., Röcke C., Guye S., Salvá Casanovas A., Caon M., Carrino F., Khaled O. A., Mugellini E., Denna E., Mauri M., Ward D., Subías-Beltrán P., Orte S., Candea C., Candea G., Rizzo G.
In the context of the fourth revolution in healthcare technologies, leveraging monitoring and personalization across different domains becomes a key factor for providing useful services to maintain and promote well-being. This is even more crucial for older people, with aging being a complex multi-dimensional and multi-factorial process which can lead to frailty. The NESTORE project was recently funded by the EU Commission with the aim of supporting healthy older people to sustain their well-being and capacity to live independently. It is based on a multi-dimensional model of the healthy aging process that covers physical activity, nutrition, cognition, and social activity. NESTORE is based on the paradigm of the human-in-the-loop cyber-physical system that, exploiting the availability of Internet of Things technologies combined with analytics in the cloud, provides a virtual coaching system to support healthy aging. This work describes the design of the NESTORE methodology and its IoT architecture. We first model the end-user under several domains, then we present the NESTORE system that, analyzing relevant key-markers, provides coaching activities and personalized feedback to the user. Finally, we describe the validation strategy to assess the effectiveness of NESTORE as a coaching platform for healthy aging.Source: Frontiers in digital health (2020). doi:10.3389/fdgth.2020.545949
DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.545949
Project(s): NESTORE
Metrics:
See at:
Diposit Digital de Documents de la UAB | Frontiers in Digital Health | Frontiers in Digital Health | ISTI Repository | DOAJ-Articles | www.frontiersin.org | Frontiers in Digital Health | Zurich Open Repository and Archive | CNR ExploRA
2020
Report
Unknown
KI-FOOT - Report sui dispositivi sensoristici e analisi dei risultati dei test
Tognetti A., Carbonaro N., Palumbo F., La Rosa D., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., Potortì F., Cassarà P.
Lo scopo di questo documento è riportare la descrizione delle attività progettuali svolte al fine di identificare e validare le soluzioni sensoristiche da integrare nella calzatura. In particolare, tenendo in considerazione le specifiche fornite nel precedente documento D1.1, sono stati considerati due tipologie di sensori: 1) sensori piezoresistivi per la rilevazione della forza di contatto piede-suolo; 2) sensori inerziali per l'analisi dinamica dei movimenti effettuati dal piede durante la camminata. Di queste due categorie di sensori vengono mostrate le principali caratteristiche, il loro principio di funzionamento e i risultati dei test effettuati.Source: KI-FOOT, Deliverable D2.2, 2020
Tognetti A., Carbonaro N., Palumbo F., La Rosa D., Barsocchi P., Furfari F., Potortì F., Cassarà P.
Lo scopo di questo documento è riportare la descrizione delle attività progettuali svolte al fine di identificare e validare le soluzioni sensoristiche da integrare nella calzatura. In particolare, tenendo in considerazione le specifiche fornite nel precedente documento D1.1, sono stati considerati due tipologie di sensori: 1) sensori piezoresistivi per la rilevazione della forza di contatto piede-suolo; 2) sensori inerziali per l'analisi dinamica dei movimenti effettuati dal piede durante la camminata. Di queste due categorie di sensori vengono mostrate le principali caratteristiche, il loro principio di funzionamento e i risultati dei test effettuati.Source: KI-FOOT, Deliverable D2.2, 2020
See at: CNR ExploRA
2019
Report
Open Access
NESTORE - Definition of the indicators and metrics
Palumbo F., Crivello A., Mavilia F., Girolami M., Furfari F., Porcelli S., Manferdelli G., Mastropietro A., Rizzo G., Orte S., Subías P., Boquè N., Perego P., Mauri M., Röcke C., Guye S.
This report contains the description of the metrics and indicators used by the Decision Support System (DSS) for recommending and stimulating the user during the use of the NESTORE coaching system used to make healthier lifestyle choices. This document collects the outcomes of Task 4.1 - Algorithms for Short-term post-processing and extraction of indicators, whose objective is to extract knowledge from data streams generated by the NESTORE sensors and software applications. This kind of data is continuously mined to extract indicators about the NESTORE target domains identified in the WP2 activities, namely physiological, nutritional, cognitive and mental status and social behaviour of the user.Source: Project report, NESTORE, Deliverable D4.1, 2019
Project(s): NESTORE
Palumbo F., Crivello A., Mavilia F., Girolami M., Furfari F., Porcelli S., Manferdelli G., Mastropietro A., Rizzo G., Orte S., Subías P., Boquè N., Perego P., Mauri M., Röcke C., Guye S.
This report contains the description of the metrics and indicators used by the Decision Support System (DSS) for recommending and stimulating the user during the use of the NESTORE coaching system used to make healthier lifestyle choices. This document collects the outcomes of Task 4.1 - Algorithms for Short-term post-processing and extraction of indicators, whose objective is to extract knowledge from data streams generated by the NESTORE sensors and software applications. This kind of data is continuously mined to extract indicators about the NESTORE target domains identified in the WP2 activities, namely physiological, nutritional, cognitive and mental status and social behaviour of the user.Source: Project report, NESTORE, Deliverable D4.1, 2019
Project(s): NESTORE
See at:
ISTI Repository | CNR ExploRA
2019
Report
Unknown
INTESA - Test ed integrazione del sistema per il monitoraggio della qualità e durata del sonno
Palumbo F., Baronti P., Crivello A., Ferro E., Furfari F., Potortì F., Russo D., La Rosa D.
In questo documento sono riportate le attività svolte nell'ambito dell'OO4 durante il secondo anno del progetto INTESA, mirate alla finalizzazione del sistema integrato di monitoraggio della qualità e durata del sonno. Durante questo periodo, partendo dall'architettura del sistema definita nel precedente documento D4.1.1, si è conclusa l'attività di sviluppo e sono stati effettuati i test per la verifica delle funzionalità del sistema e l'integrazione con gli altri componenti della piattaforma INTESA.Source: Project report, INTESA, Deliverable D4.1.2, 2019
Palumbo F., Baronti P., Crivello A., Ferro E., Furfari F., Potortì F., Russo D., La Rosa D.
In questo documento sono riportate le attività svolte nell'ambito dell'OO4 durante il secondo anno del progetto INTESA, mirate alla finalizzazione del sistema integrato di monitoraggio della qualità e durata del sonno. Durante questo periodo, partendo dall'architettura del sistema definita nel precedente documento D4.1.1, si è conclusa l'attività di sviluppo e sono stati effettuati i test per la verifica delle funzionalità del sistema e l'integrazione con gli altri componenti della piattaforma INTESA.Source: Project report, INTESA, Deliverable D4.1.2, 2019
See at: CNR ExploRA